Great as Newton was, many of his ideas ____ today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time.
A、aretochallengeC
【句意】盡管牛頓非常偉大，然而他的許多觀點當前正受到懷疑，并且當今的許多科學家正在努力對這些觀點進行修正。
【難點】challenge意為“挑戰(zhàn)，懷疑”，常用作及物動詞。本句中牛頓的觀點受到挑戰(zhàn)為一個當前已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事實，故采用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)。
California is a land of variety and contrast. Almost every type of physical land feature ， sort of arctic ice fields and tropical jungles can be found within its borders. Sharply contrasting types of land often lie very close to one another. People living in Bakersfield ， for instance，can visit the Pacific Ocean and the coastal plain ， the fertile San Joaquin Valley ， the arid Mojave Desert ， and the high Sierra Nevada， all within a radius of about 100 miles. In other areas it is possible to go snow skiing in the morning and surfing in the evening of the same day ， without having to travel long distance. Contrast abounds in California. The highest point in the United States (outside Alaska ) is in California ， and so is the lowest point (including Alaska )。 Mount Whitney ， 14，494 feet above sea level，is separated from Death Valley ， 282 feet below sea level，by a distance of only 100 miles. The two areas have a difference in altitude of almost three miles. California has deep ， clear mountain lakes like Lake Tahoe ， the deepest in the country， but it also has shallow， salty desert lakes. It has Lake Tulainyo ， 12，020 feet above sea level， and the lowest lake in the country ， the Salton Sea， 236 feet below sea level. Some of its lakes ， like Owens Lake in Death Valley ， are not lakes at all： they are dried up lake beds. In addition to mountains ，lakes， valleys，deserts， and plateaus，California has its Pacific coastline， stretching longer than the coastlines of Oregon and Washington combined.
1. Which of the following is the lowest point in the United States?
A. Lake Tulainyo B. Mojave desert C. Death Valley D. The Salton Sea
2. Where is the highest point in the United States located ?
A. Lake Tahoe.
B. Sierra Nevada. C. Mount Whitney.
D. Alaska.
3. How far away is Death Valley from Mount Whitney?
A. About 3 miles.
D. 14，494 feet.
4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as being within a radius ofabout 100 miles of Bakersfield ?
A. The Pacific Ocean.
B. San Joaquin Valley.
C. Mojave Desert.
D. Oregon andWashington.
5. Which statement best demonstrates that California is a land of variety and contrast ?
A. The highest lake in California is Lake Tulainyo.
B. It is possible to go surfing and snow skiing in some parts of California without having totravel long distance.
C. Sierra Nevada， San Joaquin Valley， Mojave Desert and the Pacific Ocean all lie withina radius of about 100 miles.
D. Owens Lake ， in Death Valley ， is not really a lake at all.
______ they are twin sisters, they don ’t look like each other.
Allwewanttodo______tofindenoughwater_______thehorses.
Writing：
Anoldsayinggoes“hastmakeswaste”.Writeacompositionofabout400wordstostateyourviewonit.
The tourist trade is booming. With all this coming and going ， you'd expect greater understanding o develop between the nations of the world. Not a bit of it ! Superb systems of communication by air， sea and land make it possible for us to visit each other's countries at a moderate cost. What was once the 'grand tour' ， reserved for only the very rich ， is now within everybody's grasp ?
The package tour and chartered flights are not to be sneered at. Modern travelers enjoy a level of comfort which the lords and ladies on grand tours in the old days couldn't have dreamed of. But what's the sense of this mass exchange of populations if the nations of the world remain basically ignorant of each other?
Many tourist organizations are directly responsible for this state of affairs. They deliberately set out to protect their clients from too much contact with the local population. The modern tourist leads a cosseted， sheltered life. He lives at international hotels ， where he eats his international food and sips his international drink while he gazes at the natives from a distance. Conducted tours to places of interest are carefully censored. The tourist is allowed to see only what the organizers want him to see and no more. A strict schedule makes it impossible for the tourist to wander off on his own ; and anyway， language is always a barrier， so he is only too happy to be protected in this way. At its very worst ， this leads to a new and hideous kind of colonization.
The summer quarters of the inhabitants of the cite universitaire ： are temporarily reestablished on the island of Corfu. Blackpool is recreated at Torremolinos where the traveler goes not to eat paella， but fish and chips. The sad thing about this situation is that it leads to the persistence of national stereotypes. We don't see the people of other nations as they really are， but as we have been brought up to believe they are. You can test this for yourself. Take five nationalities ， say， French， German， English， American and Italian. Now in your mind， match them with these five adjectives ： musical， amorous， cold， pedantic， native. Far from providing us with any insight into the national characteristics of the peoples just mentioned ， these adjectives actually act as barriers. So when you set out on your travels， the only characteristics you notice are those which confirm your preconceptions. You come away with the highly unoriginal and inaccurate impression that ， say，'Anglo-Saxons are hypocrites' of that 'Latin peoples shout a lot'. You only have to make a few foreign friends to understand how absurd and harmful national stereotypes are. But how can you make foreign friends when the tourist trade does its best to prevent you ? Carried to an extreme， stereotypes can be positively dangerous. Wild generalizations stir up racial hatred and blind us to the basic fact 〞how trite it sounds ! 每 That all people are human. We are all similar to each other and at the same time all unique.
1. The best title for this passage is
[A] Tourism contributes nothing to increasing understanding between nations.
[B] Tourism is tiresome.
[C] Conducted tour is dull.
[D] Tourism really does something to one's country.
2. What is the author's attitude toward tourism ?
[A] apprehensive. [B]negative. [C] critical. [D] appreciative.
3. Which word in the following is the best to summarize Latin people shout a lot?
[A] silent. [B] noisy. [C] lively. [D] active.
4. The purpose of the author's criticism is to point out
[A] conducted tour is disappointing.
[B]the way of touring should be changed.
[C] when traveling ， you notice characteristics which confirm preconception.
[D] national stereotypes should be changed.
5. What is 'grand tour' now ?
[A] moderate cost.
[B]local sight-seeing is investigated by the tourist organization.
[C] people enjoy the first-rate comforts.
[D] everybody can enjoy the 'grand tour'
