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結(jié)合一個組織的具體情況,說明組織信息化規(guī)劃的三個層次。

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現(xiàn)代的信息化規(guī)劃主要包括:信息化戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃、信息資源規(guī)劃和信息化項(xiàng)目規(guī)劃等三個層面工作。三者是有機(jī)統(tǒng)一的整體,不可或缺。

(1)信息化戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃

信息化戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃是組織信息化規(guī)劃的總體設(shè)想與安排,是其他規(guī)劃工作的指導(dǎo)。其中,信息化戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃最重要的成果是提出組織信息化體系架構(gòu),它包括重要的信息基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施規(guī)劃——對硬件基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施(網(wǎng)絡(luò))進(jìn)行全面籌劃,以實(shí)現(xiàn)信息資源的技術(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)層共享和集成管理,是其他規(guī)劃的基礎(chǔ)。描述組織信息化建設(shè)的方向、重點(diǎn)、步驟和措施等的策略被稱為信息化戰(zhàn)略,它是組織信息化建設(shè)與發(fā)展的整體思路與指導(dǎo)體系。組織戰(zhàn)略與信息化戰(zhàn)略是包含與被包含的關(guān)系。信息化戰(zhàn)略是組織職能戰(zhàn)略的一部分,是為組織總體發(fā)展目標(biāo)服務(wù)的,是以組織戰(zhàn)略為依據(jù)而制訂的。信息化戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃是以組織戰(zhàn)略為指導(dǎo),以各個部門的業(yè)務(wù)需求為基礎(chǔ),結(jié)合行業(yè)信息化方面的實(shí)踐和對信息技術(shù)發(fā)展趨勢的掌握,定義出組織信息化建設(shè)的遠(yuǎn)景、使命、目標(biāo)和戰(zhàn)略,規(guī)劃出組織信息化建設(shè)的未來架構(gòu)——組織結(jié)構(gòu)、信息基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施架構(gòu)、信息系統(tǒng)及其集成架構(gòu)等,為組織信息化建設(shè)的實(shí)施提供一幅完整的藍(lán)圖,全面系統(tǒng)地指導(dǎo)組織信息化建設(shè)的進(jìn)程。信息化戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃是信息化規(guī)劃的首要步驟,它兼順信息化的長遠(yuǎn)發(fā)展和近期實(shí)現(xiàn)的需要,是從戰(zhàn)略高度上對組織信息化內(nèi)容、過程的總體謀劃,是組織信息化建設(shè)的指導(dǎo)綱領(lǐng),是避免重復(fù)建設(shè)、統(tǒng)一建設(shè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),消除“信息孤島”的重要工作。

(2)信息資源規(guī)劃

信息資源規(guī)劃是從管理業(yè)務(wù)(狹義信息資源)角度,對各個部門業(yè)務(wù)流程中信息流、數(shù)據(jù)架構(gòu)、數(shù)據(jù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)等進(jìn)行全面的分析和設(shè)計(jì)。信息資源規(guī)劃(簡稱IRP,InformationResourcePlanning)是對組織管理或經(jīng)營活動所需要的信息,從產(chǎn)生、獲取,到處理、存儲、傳輸及利用進(jìn)行全面的規(guī)劃。它是依據(jù)信息化戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃規(guī)定的組織信息化體系架構(gòu),從全局角度厘清現(xiàn)有業(yè)務(wù)和未來業(yè)務(wù)所需信息資源的種類和數(shù)量,對數(shù)據(jù)架構(gòu)進(jìn)行細(xì)化,并建立數(shù)據(jù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),為后續(xù)信息系統(tǒng)的規(guī)劃和開發(fā)工作奠定基礎(chǔ)。信息資源規(guī)劃是信息化建設(shè)工作的核心,是信息化的基礎(chǔ)性和奠基性的工作。

(3)信息化項(xiàng)目規(guī)劃

信息化項(xiàng)目規(guī)劃則是在信息化戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃的指導(dǎo)下,從技術(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)(項(xiàng)目實(shí)施)的角度,對各個信息化項(xiàng)目的內(nèi)容、進(jìn)度、成本等進(jìn)行統(tǒng)籌規(guī)劃。信息化戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃確定了信息化建設(shè)體系架構(gòu)和重點(diǎn)任務(wù)(信息化項(xiàng)目);信息資源規(guī)劃對組織所需信息資源進(jìn)行了全面梳理和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化,為組織實(shí)現(xiàn)共享和統(tǒng)一高效地管理信息資源提供基礎(chǔ)。它們屬于宏觀層面的信息化規(guī)劃。組織信息化的宏觀構(gòu)想最終將落實(shí)到許多具體的信息化項(xiàng)目上,如信息基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)項(xiàng)目、不同信息系統(tǒng)建設(shè)項(xiàng)目等。

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