Wearepleasedto_____youthat6000dozenofshirtsunderSalesConfirmationNo.C123,L/CNo.5678havegoneoffonS.S."Dongfeng"
TheImportanceofGoodCommunications
Effectivecommunicationisessentialforallorganizations.Itlinkstheactivitiesofthevariouspartsoftheorganizationandensuresthateveryoneisworkingtowardsacommongoal.Itisalsoextremelyimportantformotivatingemployees.Staffneedtoknowhowtheyaregettingon,whattheyaredoingrightandinwhichareastheycouldimprove.Workingalonecanbeextremelydifficultanditismucheasierifsomeonetakesaninterestandprovidessupport.Employeesneedtounderstandwhytheirjobisimportantandhowitcontributestotheoverallsuccessofthefirm.Personalcommunicationshouldalsoincludetargetsetting.Peopleusuallyrespondwelltogoals,providedtheseareagreedbetweenthemanagerandsubordinateandnotimposed.
However,firmsoftenhavecommunicationproblemsthatcanunderminetheirperformance.Inmanycases,theseproblemsoccurbecausemessagesarepassedoninaninappropriateway.Thereare,ofcourse,severalwaysofconveyinginformationtoothersintheorganizationwhichincludespeakingtothemdirectly,e-mailing,telephoningorsendingamemo.Themostappropriatemethoddependsonwhatexactlyitisyouarecommunicating.Forexample,anythingthatisparticularlysensitiveorconfidential,suchasanemployee'sappraisal,shouldbedoneface-to-face.
Oneofthemainproblemsforseniorexecutivesisthattheydonothavethetimeorresourcesneededtocommunicateeffectively.Inlargecompanies,forexample,itisimpossibleforseniormanagerstomeetanddiscussprogresswitheachemployeeindividually.Obviouslythistaskcanbedelegatedbutatthecostofcreatingagapbetweenseniormanagementandstaff.Asaresult,managersareoftenforcedtouseothermethodsofcommunication,likememosornotes,eveniftheyknowthesearenotnecessarilythemostsuitablemeansofpassingonmessages.
Theuseoftechnology,suchase-mail,mobilephonesandnetworksystems,isspeedingupcommunicationimmensely.However,thisdoesnotmeanthatmoreinvestmentintechnologyautomaticallyprovesbeneficial:systemscanbecomeoutdatedoremployeesmaylackappropriatetraining.Therearemanycommunicationstoolsnowavailablebutafirmcannotaffordallofthem.Evenifitcould,itdoesnotactuallyneedthemall.Thepotentialgainsmustbeweighedupagainstthecosts,andfirmsshouldrealizethatmorecommunicationdoesnotnecessarilymeanbettercommunication."
Asthenumberofpeopleinvolvedinanorganizationincrease,theuseofwrittencommunicationrisesevenfaster.Insteadofaquickconversationtosortsomethingoutnumerousmessagescanbepassedbackwardsandforwards.Thiscanleadtoatremendousamountofpaperworkandisoftenlesseffectivethanface-to-facecommunication.Whenyouareactuallytalkingtosomeoneyoucandiscussthingsuntilyouarehappythattheyhaveunderstoodandfeedbackisimmediate.Withwrittenmessages,however,youareneverquitesurehowitwillbereceivedwhatyouthinkyouhavesaidandwhattheotherpersonthinksyouhavesaidcanbeverydifferent.
Theamountofwritteninformationgeneratedinlargeorganizationstodaycanleadtocommunicationoverload.Somuchinformationisgatheredthatitgetsinthewayofmakingdecisions.Takealookattheaveragemanager'sdeskandyouwillseetheproblem--itisoftencoveredwithletters,reportsandmemos.Thisoverloadcanleadtoinefficiencies.Forexample,managersmaynotbeabletofindtheinformationtheywantwhentheyneedit.Communicationisalsobecomingmoredifficultwiththechangesoccurringinemploymentpatterns.Withmorepeopleworkingpart-timeandworkingathome,managingcommunicationisbecomingincreasinglycomplex.
1.InthefirstparagraphthewriterrecommendsthatcommunicationwithstaffshouldincludeA.somefeedbackontheirjobperformance.
B.anexplanationofhowcompanytargetshavebeenset.
C.informationonpromotionprospectswithinthecompany.
D.anindicationofwhichdutiestheycanexpectassistancewith.areastheycouldimprove
2.Accordingtothewriter,thebestwayofachievingeffectivecommunicationistoA.adaptthemessagetosuitaparticularaudience.
B.makethecontentofmessagesbriefanddirect.
C.selectthemostsuitablemeansofconveyingaparticularmessage.
D.ensurethatinformationistargetedattheappropriategroupofpeople.
3.Whatdoesthewritersayaboutthecommunicationoptionsavailabletoseniormanagers?A.Sendingmemostostaffisoneofthemostefficientmethods.
B.Itisimportanttofindthetimetodiscusscertainmatterswithstaff.
C.Theyshouldincreasetherangeofoptionsthattheyuse.
D.Gettingjuniormanagerstotalktostaffcancreatedifferentproblems.
4.Whatadviceisgivenaboutthecommunicationtoolsmadeavailablebytechnology?A.Aimtolimitstaffuseofcertaincommunicationtools.
B.Evaluatethemintermsoftheexpenditureinvolved.
C.Selectthemonthebasisofthefacilitiestheyoffer.
D.Encouragemorestafftoattendtrainingcoursesintheiruse.
5.Accordingtothewriter,aproblemwithwrittencommunicationisthatA.themessagecanbeinterpreteddifferentlytowhatwasintended.
B.itcanbeeasyforpeopletoignorethecontentsofawrittenmessage.
C.mostpeoplearemorecomfortablewithface-to-facecommunication.
D.itispossibleforcorrespondencetogetlostwithinalargeorganization.
6.Accordingtothearticle,whatistheeffectofreceivinglargeamountsofwritteninformation?A.Itiscounter-productive."
B.Itcausesconflictinacompany.
C.Itleadstochangesinworkpatterns.
D.Itmakesthemainpointsmoredifficulttoidentify.
Washerisamachine____(用它我們洗衣服)orapersonwhoiswashing.
Thereisno( )betweenthenations.
Passage4
Questions 16to 20arebasedonthefollowingpassage:
Morethan30,000driversandfrontseatpassengersarekilledorseriouslyinjuredeachyear.Atthespeedofonly30milesperhouritisthesameasfallingfromathird-floorwindows.Wearingaseatbeltsaveslives;itreducesyourchanceofdeathorseriousinjurybymorethanhalf.
Thereforedriversorfrontseatpassengersover14inmostvehiclesmustwearaseatbelt.Ifyoudonot,youcouldbefinedupto￡50.itwillnotbeuptothedriverstomakesureyouwearyourbelt.Butitwillbethedriver’sresponsibilitytomakesurethatchildrenunder14donotrideinthefrontunlesstheyarewearingaseatbeltofsomekind.
However,youdonothavetowearaseatbeltifyoureversingyourvehicle;oryouaremakingalocaldeliveryorcollectionusingaspecialvehicle;orifyouhaveavalidmedicalcertificatewhichexcusesyoufromwearingit.Makesurethesecircumstancesapplytoyoubeforeyoudecidenottowearyouseatbelt.(76)Rememberyoumaybetakentocourtfornotdoingso,andyoumaybefinedifyoucannotprovetothecourtthatyouhavebeenexcusedfromwearingit.
1.Thistextistakenfrom________.
A)amedicalmagazineB)apolicereport
C)alegaldocumentD)agovernmentinformationbooklet
2.Wearingaseatbeltinavehicle________.
A)reducesroadaccidentsbymorethanhalf
B)savesliveswhiledrivingataspeedupto30milesperhour
C)reducesthedeathrateintrafficaccidentsD)savesmorethan15,000liveseachyear
3.Itisthedriver’sresponsibilityto________.
A)makethefrontseatpassengerwearaseatbelt
B)makethefrontseatchildrenunder14wearaseatbelt
C)stopchildrenridinginthefrontseatD)wearaseatbelteachtimehedrives
4.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingpeopleridinginthefrontdosnothavetowearaseatbelt?
A)Someonewhoisbackingintoaparkingspace.
B)Someonewhoispickingupthechildrenfromthelocalschool.
C)Someonewhoisdeliveringinvitationletters.
D)Someonewhoisunder14.
5.Forsomepeople,itmaybebetter________.
A)towearaseatbeltforhealthreasons
B)nottowearaseatbeltforhealthreasons
C)togetvalidmedicalcertificatebeforewearingaseatbelt
D)topayafineratherthanwearaseatbelt
