翻譯訓練：
要了解中國文化，就應該對中國的戲曲文化有所了解。中國地方戲種類很多，其中京劇是一個具有代表性的劇種。作為一個獨立的劇種，京劇的誕生大約是在1840年至I860年。京劇是在吸收其他地方戲營養的基礎上形成的。京劇有明確的角色分工;在念白上用北京方言;在音樂上以胡琴為主要伴奏樂器。由于京劇是在融合各種地方戲之精華的基礎上形成的，所以它不僅為北京的觀眾所鐘愛，也受到全國人民的喜愛。
To understand the Chinese culture, you have to know something about the Chinese opera culture. In China, there are many kinds of local operas, among which Peking Opera is a representative one. As an independent opera form, Peking Opera was approximately born between 1840 and I860. Peking opera originated from absorbing the essentials of other local operas. In Peking Opera there is a clear division of roles; the spoken parts are in Beijing dialect; and huqin, is the main accompaniment instrument. Since Peking Opera has combined the cream of various local operas, it is enjoyed not only by Beijing audience, but also by people all over the country.
暫無解析
翻譯：
最近，一些地方大學開始將方言列為某些學生的必修課程，學生們要學習當地方言，然后被評分以作為畢業的依據之一。一方面，支持此種做法的人認為，將方言列為必修課可防止其消失，從而使當地傳統文化和文化多樣性得以弘揚，同時城市獨特的個性得以保留。另一方面，反對此種做法的人爭論說，當地學生與外地學生相比有很多絕對優勢，因此將方言列為必修課會引起教育不公平的問題。而且，將方言列為必修課程還會引起一些其他問題，如教材使用、師資問題和考試標準等。在我看來，方言作為傳統文化不可缺少的一部分和一種交流工具，可以讓學生自愿學習和使用，而不是強制完成。
Passage4
Questions16to20arebasedonthefollowingpassage:
Cultureshockisanoccupationaldisease(職業病)forpeoplewhohavebeensuddenlytransplantedabroad.
Cultureshockiscausedbytheanxietythatresultsfromlosingallfamiliarsignsandsymbolsofsocialintercourse.Thosesignsareasfollowing:whentoshakehandsandwhattosaywhenmeetpeople,whenandhowtogivetips,howtomakepurchases,whentoacceptandrefuseinvitations,whentotakestatementsseriouslyandwhennot.Thesesigns,whichmaybewords,gestures,facialexpressions,orcustoms,areacquiredbyallofusinthecourseofgrowingupandasmuchapartofourcultureasthelanguagewespeakorthebeliefsweaccept.Allofusdependonhundredsofthesesignsforourpeaceofmindandday-to-dayefficiency,butwedonotcarrymostatthelevelofconsciousawareness.
Nowwhenanindividualentersastrangeculture,allormostofthesefamiliarsignsareremoved.Nomatterhowbroadmindedorfullofgoodwillyoumaybeaseriesofsupportshavebeenknockedfromunderyou,followedbyafeelingoffrustration.Whensufferingfromcultureshockpeoplefirstrejecttheenvironmentwhichcauseddiscomfort.Thewaysofthehostcountryarebadbecausetheymakeusfeelbad.Whenforeignersinastrangelandgettogetherincomplainaboutthehostcountryitspeople,youcanbesurethattheyaresufferingfromcultureshock.
16.Accordingtothepassage,cultureshockis.
A.anoccupationaldiseaseofforeignpeopleB.mayleadtoveryserioussymptoms
C.actuallynotadiseaseD.incurable
17.Accordingtothepassage,cultureshockresultfrom.
A.thesuddenchangeofsocialatmosphereandcustoms
B.thesuddenchangeofourdailyhabits
C.thesuddenlossofourownsignsandsymbols
D.thediscomfortthatwefeelwhenfacedwithaforeigner
18.Whichoneofthefollowingmaynotbeasymptomofcultureshock?
A.Youdon’tknowhowtoexpressyourgratitude.
B.Youdon’tknowhowtogreetotherpeople.
C.Yousuddenlyforgetwhatawordmeans.
D.Youdon’tunderstandwhyaforeignershrugs.
19.Accordingtothepassage,howwouldapersonwhostaysabroadmostprobablyreactwhenheisfrustratedbythecultureshock?
A.Heismostlikelytorefusetoabsorbthestrangeenvironmentatfirst.
B.Heisreallytoacceptthechangeandadapthimselftothenewenvironment.
C.Althoughhetakestheculturedifferenceforgranted,hestilldoesn’tknowhowtodowithit.
D.Hemaybegintohatethepeopleorthingsaroundhim.
20.Themainideaofthispassageisthat.
A.cultureshockisanoccupationaldisease
B.cultureshockiscausedbytheanxietyoflivinginastrangeculture
C.cultureshockhaspeculiarsymptoms
D.itisveryhardtocopewithlifeinanewsetting
Thefirstparagraphisintendedto________.
PartIVTranslation
Asthesourceofaluminumisalmostinexhaustible,wecanexpectthatmoreandmoreuseswillbefoundforthisversatilemetal.(PassageTwo)
IliveinthelandofDisney,Hollywoodandyear-roundsun.Youmaythinkpeopleinsuchaglamorous,fun-filledplacearehappierthanothers.Ifso,youhavesomemistakenideasaboutthenatureofhappiness.
Manyintelligentpeoplestillequatehappinesswithfun.Thetruthisthatfunandhappinesshavelittleornothingincommon.Funiswhatweexperienceduringanact.Happinessiswhatweexperienceafteranact.Itisadeeper,moreabidingemotion.
Goingtoanamusementparkorballgame,watchingamovieortelevision,arefunactivitiesthathelpusrelax,temporarilyforgetourproblemsandmaybeevenlaugh.Buttheydonotbringhappiness,becausetheirpositiveeffectsendwhenthefunends.
IhaveoftenthoughtthatifHollywoodstarshavearoletoplay,itistoteachusthathappinesshasnothingtodowithfun.Theserich,beautifulindividualshaveconstantaccesstoglamorousparties,fancycars,expensivehomes,everythingthatspells“happiness”.Butinmemoiraftermemoir,celebritiesrevealtheunhappinesshiddenbeneathalltheirfun:depression,alcoholism,drugaddiction,brokenmarriages,troubledchildrenandprofoundloneliness.
Askabachelorwhyheresistsmarriageeventhoughhefindsdatingtobelessandlesssatisfying.Ifhe’shonest,hewilltellyouthatheisafraidofmakingacommitment.Forcommitmentisinfactquitepainful.Thesinglelifeisfilledwithfun,adventureandexcitement.Marriagehassuchmoments,buttheyarenotitsmostdistinguishingfeatures.
Similarly,couplesthatchoosenottohavechildrenaredecidinginfavorofpainlessfunoverpainfulhappiness.Theycandineoutevertheywantandsleepaslateastheywant.Coupleswithinfantchildrenareluckytogetawholenight’ssleeporathree-dayvacation.Idon’tknowanyparentwhowouldchoosethewordfuntodescriberaisingchildren.
Understandingandacceptingthattruehappinesshasnothingtodowithfunisoneofthemostliberatingrealizationswecanevercometo.Itliberatestime:nowwecandevotemorehourstoactivitiesthatcangenuinelyincreaseourhappiness.Itliberatesmoney:buyingthatnewcarorthosefancyclothesthatwilldonothingtoincreaseourhappinessnowseemspointless.Anditliberatesusfromenvy:wenowunderstandthatallthoserichandglamorouspeopleweweresosurearehappybecausetheyarealwayshavingsomuchfunactuallymaynotbehappyatall.
1.Whichofthefollowingistrue?
A.Funcreateslong-lastingsatisfaction.
B.Funprovidesenjoymentwhilepainleadstohappiness.
C.Happinessisenduringwhereasfunisshort-lived.
D.Funthatislong-standingmayleadtohappiness.
2.Totheauthor,Hollywoodstarsallhaveanimportantroletoplaythatisto__.
A.ritememoiraftermemoirabouttheirhappiness.
B.tellthepublicthathappinesshasnothingtodowithfun.
C.teachpeoplehowtoenjoytheirlives.
D.bringhappinesstothepublicinsteadofgoingtoglamorousparties.
3.Intheauthor’sopinion,marriage___.
A.affordsgreaterfun.
B.leadstoraisingchildren.
C.indicatescommitment.
D.endsinpain.
4.Coupleshavinginfantchildren___.
A.areluckysincetheycanhaveawholenight’ssleep.
B.findfunintuckingthemintobedatnight.
C.findmoretimetoplayandjokewiththem.
D.derivehappinessfromtheirendeavor.
5.Ifonegetthemeaningofthetruesenseofhappiness,hewill__.
A.stopplayinggamesandjokingwithothers.
B.makethebestuseofhistimeincreasinghappiness.
C.giveafreehandtomoney.
D.keephimselfwithhisfamily.
