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結合一個組織的具體情況,說明組織信息化規劃的三個層次。

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現代的信息化規劃主要包括:信息化戰略規劃、信息資源規劃和信息化項目規劃等三個層面工作。三者是有機統一的整體,不可或缺。

(1)信息化戰略規劃

信息化戰略規劃是組織信息化規劃的總體設想與安排,是其他規劃工作的指導。其中,信息化戰略規劃最重要的成果是提出組織信息化體系架構,它包括重要的信息基礎設施規劃——對硬件基礎設施(網絡)進行全面籌劃,以實現信息資源的技術實現層共享和集成管理,是其他規劃的基礎。描述組織信息化建設的方向、重點、步驟和措施等的策略被稱為信息化戰略,它是組織信息化建設與發展的整體思路與指導體系。組織戰略與信息化戰略是包含與被包含的關系。信息化戰略是組織職能戰略的一部分,是為組織總體發展目標服務的,是以組織戰略為依據而制訂的。信息化戰略規劃是以組織戰略為指導,以各個部門的業務需求為基礎,結合行業信息化方面的實踐和對信息技術發展趨勢的掌握,定義出組織信息化建設的遠景、使命、目標和戰略,規劃出組織信息化建設的未來架構——組織結構、信息基礎設施架構、信息系統及其集成架構等,為組織信息化建設的實施提供一幅完整的藍圖,全面系統地指導組織信息化建設的進程。信息化戰略規劃是信息化規劃的首要步驟,它兼順信息化的長遠發展和近期實現的需要,是從戰略高度上對組織信息化內容、過程的總體謀劃,是組織信息化建設的指導綱領,是避免重復建設、統一建設標準,消除“信息孤島”的重要工作。

(2)信息資源規劃

信息資源規劃是從管理業務(狹義信息資源)角度,對各個部門業務流程中信息流、數據架構、數據標準等進行全面的分析和設計。信息資源規劃(簡稱IRP,InformationResourcePlanning)是對組織管理或經營活動所需要的信息,從產生、獲取,到處理、存儲、傳輸及利用進行全面的規劃。它是依據信息化戰略規劃規定的組織信息化體系架構,從全局角度厘清現有業務和未來業務所需信息資源的種類和數量,對數據架構進行細化,并建立數據標準,為后續信息系統的規劃和開發工作奠定基礎。信息資源規劃是信息化建設工作的核心,是信息化的基礎性和奠基性的工作。

(3)信息化項目規劃

信息化項目規劃則是在信息化戰略規劃的指導下,從技術實現(項目實施)的角度,對各個信息化項目的內容、進度、成本等進行統籌規劃。信息化戰略規劃確定了信息化建設體系架構和重點任務(信息化項目);信息資源規劃對組織所需信息資源進行了全面梳理和標準化,為組織實現共享和統一高效地管理信息資源提供基礎。它們屬于宏觀層面的信息化規劃。組織信息化的宏觀構想最終將落實到許多具體的信息化項目上,如信息基礎設施建設項目、不同信息系統建設項目等。

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